DASH-2-ZERO Responding to Code Red

SUNx Malta Climate Friendly Travel
Annual Report 2021
DASH-2-ZERO RESPONDING TO CODE RED

Published by SUNx Malta

This is the second annual Climate Friendly Travel Report”
Prepared by SUN Malta

SUN^x Malta is an NGO created in 2019 by GGTI (Green Growth & Travelism Institute, Brussels) and Malta's Ministry for Tourism & Consumer Protection / Tourism Authority. It is a legacy for Maurice Strong, Climate and Sustainability trailblazer, half a century ago. Its 1st Annual Climate Friendly Travel (CFT) Ambition Report was launched on the sidelines of the September 2019 UN General Assembly and in conjunction with an inaugural Strong Climate Event. Its goal was to support the transformation to Tomorrow's Climate Economy by 2050.

Since then, it has become increasingly clear that the Climate Crisis is intensifying much faster than previously recognised and that the devastating floods, fires, hurricanes, and droughts of 2021 are a clear sign of the need for all human activity to be even more rapidly transformed to clean energy systems and resilience dramatically strengthened. A point underscored by the IPCC 6th Assessment Report issued in August 2021.

Travel & Tourism as a leading socio-economic driver will be at the forefront of the change and our concept of Climate Friendly Travel DASH-2-Zero can play an important role as a catalyst for rapid change and a conduit to the global UN led 2030/2050 Green and Clean Roadmap for Humanity. In developing DASH-2-ZERO, we have reflected:

Most recent science

Increasing weather disasters

Valid aspirations of youth advocates

We strongly believe this adds the "Precautionary Principle" to the Glasgow Tourism Climate Declaration - going further, faster - calling for Net Zero Carbon in 2030 and No Greenhouse Gases by 2050. We have also put in place support systems to help Tourism Stakeholders achieve climate resilience now and reduce emissions rapidly.

SUN^x Malta has also laid out its own Decade Vision, which targets 10,000 Registered Companies and 1000 Communities by 2030, as well as 100,000 Strong Climate Champions to support the transformation.

This 2^nd Report published in October 2021, identifies the challenges and opportunities contained in the intensifying SDG 2030 and Paris 2050 targets, against this DASH-2-Zero perspective.

DASH-2-ZERO RESPONDING TO CODE RED

DASH-2-Zero Responding to Code Red

SUNx Malta has today issued its second annual report on Climate Friendly Travel ahead of the Glasgow COP 26 Climate Summit. SUNx is an EU-based NGO established as a legacy for climate and sustainability trailblazer, Maurice Strong. The SUNx Report calls for a DASH-2-Zero supporting the recent Glasgow Tourism Declaration. Based on curated research data, the Report shows the intensifying of climate driven global disasters and how this impacts the vital Travel & Tourism sector of the world economy The Report also: 1. Endorses the Glasgow Tourism Declaration and urges a DASH-2-Zero to take the commitments made further and faster suggesting targets of net zero carbon dioxide emissions for 2030 and zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 2. Calls for climate resilience now for Travel & Tourism activities, as well as clear emission reduction and sustainability plans, based on the science, the weather & demands of youth 3. Identifies a range of support services available to help companies and communities stay on track for a climate friendly travel future 4. Offers its Climate Friendly Travel Registry linked to the UN Global Climate Action Portal to help tourism stakeholders register climate and sustainability ambitions and show…

DASH-2-Zero

We are taking the high ground in support of science, focused on the next generation. Promoting Climate Friendly Travel-2-Zero - low carbon: SDG linked: Paris 1.5. But going further: faster. From Net Zero carbon 2030 to Zero GHG 2050. We call it our DASH-2-Zero initiative: Declare - Act - Support - Hope. We underpin this vision with concrete programs to help company and community change

Climate Friendly Travel to Zero

On World Environment Day, SUNx Malta announced its Climate Friendly Travel to Zero flagship initiative, aligned with the UN Race to Zero. Based on the latest science, a 2050 target of Zero Greenhouse Gas (GHG) is the minimum ultimately needed to beat the existential Climate Crisis. By advocating a Zero GHG 2050 target we take the direct line to the UN Paris 1.5 goal. Starting now.

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Report References

LIST of Reports/sources Consulted for 2021 CFT Annual Ambitions Report

WMO – state of the global climate 2020

https://public.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/climate/wmo-statement-state-of-global-climate

UNEP - Emissions Gap Report

https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020

Global Methane assessment

https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/35917/GMA_ES.pdf

Production Gap Report

https://productiongap.org/2020report/

IPCC

https://www.ipcc.ch/

IPCC SR1.5°C

https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/

IPCC 6^th Assessement Report

– The Working Group I report Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. The Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) as well as additional materials and information https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/

Countries climate plans

https://climateactiontracker.org/

https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/nationally-determined-contributions-ndcs/ndc-synthesis-report

USA commitments

https://joebiden.com/climate-plan/

https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-officially-rejoins-the-paris-agreement/

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/

https://joebiden.com/clean-energy/

European Union commitments

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/eu-climate-action/2030_ctp_en

China commitments

https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1817098.shtml

G7 commitments

https://www.g7uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Carbis-Bay-G7-Summit-Communique-PDF-430KB-25-pages-5.pdf

EPA

https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions

NOAA Global Climate Report

https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/202013

NASA Global Climate

https://climate.nasa.gov/

CO2 records

https://www.co2.earth/

http://www.sealevel.info/co2.html

GHG emissions data

https://ourworldindata.org/greenhouse-gas-emissions

https://www.wri.org/insights/4-charts-explain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-countries-and-sectors

https://www.climatewatchdata.org/

https://www.wri.org/insights/interactive-chart-shows-changes-worlds-top-10-emitters

IEA - https://www.iea.org/

https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050

https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2020

https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2021/co2-emissions

OECD -

https://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/oecdenvironmentaloutlookto2050theconsequencesofinaction-keyfactsandfigures.htm

Carney Taskforce on scaling voluntary markets

https://www.iif.com/Portals/1/Files/TSVCM_Report.pdf

https://www.iif.com/Portals/1/Files/TSVCM_Summary.pdf

ICAO

https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/CORSIA-News.aspx

IMO

https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Reducing-greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-ships.aspx

https://wwwcdn.imo.org/localresources/en/OurWork/Environment/Documents/Fourth IMO GHG Study 2020 Executive-Summary.pdf

Aviation commitments

https://eturbonews.com/3001830/the-age-of-zero-emission-aviation-startups/

https://www.sustainable.aero/mapping-sustainable-aviation-startups

Airbus/Boeing/Oneworld

https://www.airbus.com/company/sustainability/environment/climate-change/decarbonisation.html

https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-boeing-biofuels-idINKBN29R2CP

https://www.oneworld.com/news/2020-09-11-oneworld-member-airlines-commit-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions-by-2050

Mckinsey Climate risk & response

https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/business functions/sustainability/our insights/climate risk and response physical hazards and socioeconomic impacts/mgi-climate-risk-and-response-full-report-vf.pdf

Antarctic melting

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210430165912.htm

G20 subsidies for Fossil fuels post pandemic

https://www.climate-transparency.org/g20-climate-performance/the-climate-transparency-report-2020 - 1531904263713-04b62b8d-e708

Norway EV 2025 policy

https://elbil.no/english/norwegian-ev-policy/

KPMG - Beyond Covid- 19: Rise of Domestic travel and tourism in Australia

https://home.kpmg/au/en/home/insights/2020/12/beyond-covid-19-rise-of-domestic-travel-tourism-australia.html

ITF Transport Outlook 2021

https://www.itf-oecd.org/itf-transport-outlook-2021

https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/55d4f157-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/55d4f157-en

References for 2021 CFT Annual report statements

Global Events

¬ US re-joins Paris Climate Agreement - Targets Net Carbon Zero 2050

https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/02/04/u-s-rejoins-paris-agreement/

https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-officially-rejoins-the-paris-agreement/

https://joebiden.com/climate-plan/

¬ EU Green Deal for 55% CO² Reduction by 2030 & Net GHG Zero 2050

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/eu-climate-action/2030_ctp_en

https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/eu/

¬ China commits to peak emissions by 2030, with Net Carbon Zero 2060

https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1817098.shtml

https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/22/china-pledges-to-reach-carbon-neutrality-before-2060

¬ G7 commits to Net Zero

https://www.g7uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Carbis-Bay-G7-Summit-Communique-PDF-430KB-25-pages-5.pdf

https://energymonitor.ai/policy/net-zero-policy/how-far-along-are-the-g7-nations-in-their-journeys-to-net-zero

¬ Dutch Government Court conviction for failing to deliver on Climate targets

https://friendsoftheearth.eu/news/the-11-key-points-from-the-verdict-in-the-shell-climate-case/

https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/inziendocument?id=ECLI:NL:RBDHA:2021:5339

¬ Rogue Climate Activist Directors elected to Exxon Board

https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/shareholder-activism-reaches-milestone-exxon-board-vote-nears-end-2021-05-26/

¬ Carney Task Force calls for radically stronger financial Climate regulations

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/17/regulate-business-to-tackle-climate-crisis-urges-mark-carney

https://www.climatechangenews.com/2021/01/27/carneys-carbon-offset-taskforce-ducks-environmental-integrity-questions/

¬ IPCC Assessment Report 6 – UNSG says a Code Red for Humanity

The Working Group I report Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis is the first instalment of the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), which will be completed in 2022.

The Summary for Policymakers of the Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) as well as additional materials and information are available at https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/

The report was based on input from 234 authors from 66 countries (31 coordinating authors, 167 lead authors, 36 review editors plus 517 contributing authors).

¬ July 2021 hottest month ever recorded in hottest year ever.

NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - Global Climate Report (NASA says 2019 july was slightly higher) But even more surprising due to La NIna global cooling event

https://yaleclimateconnections.org/2021/08/july-2021-was-earths-warmest-month-in-recorded-history-says-noaa/

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate: Global Climate Report for July 2021, published online August 2021, retrieved on August 20, 2021 from https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/202107.

¬ Siberian wildfires bigger than all other global wildfires combined

https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/49171/russia-record-breaking-fires-siberia/

¬ ICAO CORSIA Carbon Offset & Reduction for International Aviation initiated

https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/CORSIA-News.aspx

https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/default.aspx

¬ Airbus & Boeing commit to non fossil-fuel propulsion post 2030

https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-boeing-biofuels-idINKBN29R2CP

https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2020/09/airbus-reveals-new-zeroemission-concept-aircraft.html

https://www.airbus.com/company/sustainability/environment/climate-change/decarbonisation.html

¬ One World first airline alliance to go Net Carbon Zero 2050

https://www.oneworld.com/news/2020-09-11-oneworld-member-airlines-commit-to-net-zero-carbon-emissions-by-2050

https://www.oneworld.com/sustainability

US Government & Airlines go for Net Zero Emissions 2050

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/09/fact-sheet-biden-administration-advances-the-future-of-sustainable-fuels-in-american-aviation/

Climate research at a glance

¬ The planet warmed by 1.1°C since 1880. This is by far the highest rate of warming in the past 65 million years. In general, the land increased more, the oceans less, the arctic increased by more than 4°C.

https://theconversation.com/the-arctic-hasnt-been-this-warm-for-3-million-years-and-that-foreshadows-big-changes-for-the-rest-of-the-planet-144544

https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/glacier-melt-and-arctic-change-affects-globe

¬ The year 2020 is tied with 2016 as the warmest year on record, with wildfires, droughts, storms, and glacier melt intensifying.

https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/2020-tied-for-warmest-year-on-record-nasa-analysis-shows

https://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/news/20210114b/

¬ Despite a brief dip in CO2 emissions due to COVID-19, the world is still heading for a temperature rise in excess of 3°C this century – far beyond the Paris Agreement goals of limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C.

https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020

¬ Methane, one of the most potent greenhouse gases is at its highest atmospheric level in 800,000 years

https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/key-greenhouse-gases-higher-than-any-time-over-last-800-000-years

¬ In North America, a majority -- 14% of total methane emissions -- come from the oil and gas production followed by livestock at 10%. In China, coal mining is the biggest methane driver, contributing 24% to total emissions.

https://www.ctvnews.ca/climate-and-environment/scientists-say-this-invisible-gas-could-seal-our-fate-on-climate-change-1.5543003

¬ The levels of ambition in the Paris Agreement must be roughly tripled for the 2°C pathway and increased at least fivefold for the 1.5°C pathway.

https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/green-pandemic-recovery-essential-close-climate-action-gap-un-report

https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020

¬ Government pledges under the Paris Agreement, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), are still inadequate to meet the Paris targets.

https://unfccc.int/news/climate-commitments-not-on-track-to-meet-paris-agreement-goals-as-ndc-synthesis-report-is-published

https://unfccc.int/news/full-ndc-synthesis-report-some-progress-but-still-a-big-concern

¬ Carney Taskforce on Scaling Voluntary Carbon Markets calls for $100 billion a year carbon offset market.

https://www.iif.com/Portals/1/Files/TSVCM_Report.pdf?_cldee=Y2ZAY2xpbWF0ZWhvbWVuZXdzLmNvbQ==&recipientid=contact-0a171530e312eb1180ec000d3a0ee828-ebe91636ad3144ad9f3c07dc18a5cafb&utm_source=ClickDimensions&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Press Emails&esid=f

¬ Measures to prioritise include direct support for zero-emissions technologies and infrastructure, reducing fossil fuel subsidies, no new coal plants, and promoting nature-based solutions – such as largescale landscape restoration and reforestation.

https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/green-pandemic-recovery-essential-close-climate-action-gap-un-report

https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020

¬ 126 countries covering 51% of global greenhouse gas emissions adopted, announced, or are considering Net Zero goals. With the US adopting a net-zero target by 2050, the share would increase to 63%.

https://www.carbonbrief.org/unep-net-zero-pledges-provide-an-opening-to-close-growing-emissions-gap

https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050

https://ca1-eci.edcdn.com/reports/ECIU-Oxford_Taking_Stock.pdf?mtime=20210323005817&focal=none

¬ More countries need to develop long-term strategies consistent with the Paris Agreement, and new and updated NDCs need to become consistent with the NetZero emissions goals.

https://unfccc.int/news/full-ndc-synthesis-report-some-progress-but-still-a-big-concern

https://www.wri.org/climate/what-long-term-strategy

¬ The shipping and aviation industries, which account for 5% of global emissions, also require immediate action. If current trends continue, combined international emissions from shipping and aviation will likely consume between 60 and 220% of allowable CO2 emissions by 2050 under the 1.5°C scenario.

https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/1966/htm

https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020

¬ Improvements in technology and operations can improve the fuel efficiency of transport if incentivised, but projected increases in demand mean this will not result in decarbonisation and absolute reductions of CO2. Both sectors (shipping & aviation) need to combine energy efficiency with a rapid transition away from fossil fuel. Additional policies are required to drive changes in technology, operations, fuel use and demand.

¬ Climate Risks manifest locally. There are differences in risk levels between countries and within countries. Climate Science confirms that further warming and risk increase can only be stopped by achieving zero net greenhouse gas emissions.

https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/climate-risk-and-response-physical-hazards-and-socioeconomic-impacts

¬ Physical Risk from Climate Change is increasing across virtually all states and income groups, with the poorest dramatically more exposed.

¬ The pace and scale of Corporate Risk Reduction will have to be considerably increased to manage rising levels of physical Climate risk. Adaptation will mean tough choices between hardening climate response systems or relocation.

NUMBERS – THE GOOD: THE BAD: THE UGLY

¬ 30% greater sea level rise, from melting of Antarctic Ice sheet

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/04/210430165912.htm

¬ 50% reduction in CO² from 2005 US target for 2030 carbon reduction

¬ 10 Years to get on track for Paris 1.5 starting now.

https://unfccc.int/news/cut-global-emissions-by-76-percent-every-year-for-next-decade-to-meet-15degc-paris-target-un-report

¬ 55% EU Carbon Reduction by 2030

https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/delivering-european-green-deal_en

https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2050_en

¬ 2060 China commits to Climate Neutral goal

https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/09/22/xi-jinping-china-will-achieve-carbon-neutrality-2060/

https://chinadialogue.net/en/climate/researchers-unveil-roadmap-for-a-carbon-neutral-china-by-2060/

https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/09/1073052

¬ 2035 Airbus targets zero carbon aircraft

https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27102020/hydrogen-fueled-aircraft-clean-energy-emissions/

¬ $2 trillion in Biden Harris plan to make buildings zero carbon

https://joebiden.com/clean-energy/

¬ 50% of global CO₂ from 5 states – US, China, EU, Japan & Korea

https://www.wri.org/insights/interactive-chart-shows-changes-worlds-top-10-emitters

https://www.climatewatchdata.org/

¬ 30 gigawatt solar-wind farm in India - as big as Singapore.

https://cleantechnica.com/2020/12/17/largest-renewable-energy-project-in-world-will-be-30-gigawatt-solar-wind-project-in-india/

¬ 70% drop in US Utility Battery Storage Costs 2015-2018

https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=45596

¬ $116 million – new pledges to Climate Adaptation Fund for poorest

https://sdg.iisd.org/news/adaptation-fund-raises-usd-116-million-in-new-pledges/

https://www.adaptation-fund.org/adaptation-fund-raises-nearly-us-116-million-in-new-pledges-for-adaptation-action-in-most-vulnerable-countries/

¬ 7.2 metres – global sea level rise when Greenland icecap melts

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20011-8

https://www.carbonbrief.org/new-climate-models-suggest-faster-melting-of-the-greenland-ice-sheet

¬ 62% of greenhouse gases come from Fossil Fuel extraction and use

https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions

¬ 140 years of accurate records exist for earth carbon measurement

https://www.wri.org/insights/history-carbon-dioxide-emissions

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-decade-we-finally-woke-up-to-climate-change

¬ 2% per year increase projected for fossil fuel production 2021 onwards

https://productiongap.org/2020report/

¬ 6% per year decrease in fossil fuel production to meet Paris 1.5

https://productiongap.org/2020report/

¬ 1.1^ois where we already stand on the Paris 1.5 trajectory.

https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i/

https://enb.iisd.org/climate/IPCC/IPCC-54-WGI-14/summary

¬ $20 billion G20 post–pandemic subsidies to fossil fuel companies

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/jul/20/g20-states-subsidised-fossil-fuels-2015-coal-oil-gas-cliamte-crisis

https://chinadialogue.net/en/climate/g20-stimulus-plans-favouring-fossil-fuels/

https://www.climate-transparency.org/g20-climate-performance/the-climate-transparency-report-2020 - 1531904263713-04b62b8d-e708

https://www.climate-transparency.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Climate-Transparency-Report-2020.pdf

¬ 2025 only electric and hydrogen cars to be sold in Norway

https://elbil.no/english/norwegian-ev-policy/

¬ $7 trillion for climate investment from world’s top investor Blackrock

https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/about-us/our-2020-sustainability-actions

¬ 3-6^o OECD projected global temperature growth by end of century

https://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/oecdenvironmentaloutlookto2050theconsequencesofinaction-keyfactsandfigures.htm

¬ 415 ppm of CO₂ in earth’s atmosphere in 2021, cf. 386 ppm in 2009

http://www.sealevel.info/co2.html

https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/

https://www.co2.earth/

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide

https://earthbound.report/2010/11/26/co2-concentrations-at-386-8ppm/

¬ 76% of greenhouse gases are CO₂

https://ourworldindata.org/greenhouse-gas-emissions

_{2016 breakdown of global emissions - CO2 74.4%}

¬ 24% of greenhouse gases are Methane, Nitrogen & Sulphur based

https://ourworldindata.org/greenhouse-gas-emissions

_{2016 breakdown of global emissions - Methane 17.3%, Nitrous oxide 6.2%, Sulphur based 2.1% - total 25.6}

200 Health Care Journals call for accelerated climate action

https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n2177

https://www.euronews.com/next/2021/09/06/more-than-200-medical-journals-call-for-emergency-action-on-catastrophic-climate-change

CFT Annual Report 2019 - References

Science reports

https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=5789

https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2018: Global Warming of 1.5 °C – An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty

1 trillion euro /year needed in Climate response finance

https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20140915/only-1-trillion-annual-investment-goal-puts-climate-solutions-within-reach

https://www.climatechangenews.com/2019/02/25/french-experts-propose-trillion-euro-eu-climate-finance-pact/

https://www.ceres.org/initiatives/clean-trillion

https://www.pacte-climat.net/en/

Page 4

http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risks_Report_2019.pdf

Polar ice melting

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMuz_21RLE8

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/07/oceans-demise-the-end-of-the-arctic-as-we-know-it

https://news.mongabay.com/2019/07/arctic-in-free-fall-2019-sea-ice-volume-sinks-to-near-record-for-june/

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02653-x